Freight Modalities (4): Containers a.k.a Intermodal
Containers are an irreducible element of the international shipping process. Containers offer many advantages, but there are disadvantages too. The...
Freight Modalities (3): Seas and Waterways
Seas and waterways offer a historically validated mode of economic movement of goods. Ports and coordination systems constitute the major...
Freight Modalities (2): Rail
Rail is another form of land-based transportation. The United Kingdom and most European Union countries have extensive rail networks. In...
Freight Modalities (1): Road
The main modes of transport can be roughly divided into surface and air modalities. Sea, rail, road (ship, train, and...
Final Notes on Incoterms
As might be obvious from the previous posts on incorterms, several Incoterms are applicable to waterway transportation only: FAS, FOB,...
Category D Incoterms: Arrival
DAF: Delivered At Frontier (followed by the named place). The seller bears responsibility for clearing the goods for export and...
Category C Incoterms: Seller Pays Main Carriage
CFR: Cost And Freight (followed by the named port of destination). This code signifies that the seller bears responsibility for...
Category F Incoterms: Main Carriage Unpaid
FAS: Free Alongside Ship (followed by the named port of shipment). When this is specified, both parties agree that the...
Category E Incoterms: Departure
EXW: Ex-Works (followed by the named place). When EXW specified, the seller or exporter presents goods on the premises of...