Insurance: Possibilities and Limitations
Trade credit is often extended by carriers (for example: operators such as Hamburg Sud, where I worked for a spell)...
Cargo and Credit Insurance
International Trade is a risk-prone activity. Transportation related risk is largely external to the firm. That is, transportation is more...
Freight Modalities (6): Pipeline
A major non-mechanical mode of transportation is pipeline. Fluids, i.e. gases and liquids, can be efficiently and economically transported via...
Freight Modalities (5): Air
Air transportation is the last of the main commercial mechanical transportation options. Transport buyer can be by freight specialising aircraft...
Freight Modalities (4): Containers a.k.a Intermodal
Containers are an irreducible element of the international shipping process. Containers offer many advantages, but there are disadvantages too. The...
Freight Modalities (3): Seas and Waterways
Seas and waterways offer a historically validated mode of economic movement of goods. Ports and coordination systems constitute the major...
Freight Modalities (2): Rail
Rail is another form of land-based transportation. The United Kingdom and most European Union countries have extensive rail networks. In...
Freight Modalities (1): Road
The main modes of transport can be roughly divided into surface and air modalities. Sea, rail, road (ship, train, and...
Final Notes on Incoterms
As might be obvious from the previous posts on incorterms, several Incoterms are applicable to waterway transportation only: FAS, FOB,...